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Maha Yazawin
''Maha Yazawindawgyi'' ((ビルマ語:မဟာ ရာဇဝင်တော်ကြီး), ) is the first national chronicle of Burma (Myanmar). Completed in 1724 by U Kala, a historian at the Toungoo court, it was the first chronicle to synthesize all the ancient, regional, foreign and biographic histories related to Burmese history. Prior to the chronicle, the only known Burmese histories were biographies and comparatively brief local chronicles. The chronicle has formed the basis for all subsequent histories of the country, including the earliest English language histories of Burma written in the late 19th century.〔Myint-U 2001: 80〕〔Lieberman 1986: 236〕
The chronicle starts with the beginning of the current world cycle according to Buddhist tradition and the Buddhist version of ancient Indian history, and proceeds "with ever increasing detail to narrate the political story of the Irrawaddy basin from quasi-legendary dynasties to events witnessed by the author himself in 1711."〔 Since it was written in the late Toungoo period, the chronicle provides its most specific information on dates and descriptions of various events Toungoo kings partook.〔Hla Pe 1985: 38〕 The chronicle's portrayal of the 16th century Toungoo Burma, which was also witnessed by many Europeans, has been found by scholars to be largely factual.〔Lieberman 1986: 236–255〕
However, its narrative of the earlier periods is less detailed, showing that the author did not have the full versions of earlier chronicles. Moreover, he did not check any inscriptions, which would have yielded more specific dates and double-checked the events.〔Hla Pe 1985: 46–47〕 Nonetheless, the pre-1712 portions of later national Burmese chronicles — including ''Yazawin Thit'', ''Maha Yazawin Kyaw'', and ''Hmannan Yazawin'' — are essentially verbatim reproductions of this chronicle,〔 though the later chronicles did correct many of ''Maha Yazawin's'' Pagan Dynasty and pre-Pagan dates based on epigraphic evidence.〔Thaw Kaung 2010: 44–49〕
==Background==
Before this chronicle, hitherto Burmese histories were biographic chronicles and comparatively brief local chronicles.〔 The compilation of the chronicle began c. 1712–1720, early in the reign of King Taninganway. The task was undertaken by U Kala, a wealthy descendant of court and regional administrative officers from both sides of his family. (His father was a "rich man" who descended from regional administrative officers (''myosas'') of the crown, and his mother was of mixed Shan and Burman noble descent.) He had the education, connections and wealth to devote his time to chronicle writing. With his pedigree, he apparently had access to court documents that went back to the reign of Bayinnaung (r. 1550–1581).〔Aung-Thwin 2005: 136〕 Perhaps because of his wealth, Kala was able to devote his time being a "full-time chronicler".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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